问题详情：
The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.
It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.
A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has
come to be called the Hawthorne effect.
56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output because _______________.
A. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working place
B. the workers had to pay more attention to what they were doing
C. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated them
D. the workers in the experiment were paid more than other workers
57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph is________ A. list of items B. time order
C. definition and example D. cause and effect
58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests that___________
A. workers' attitudes are more important than their environment
B. social scientists are good workers
C. productivity in electric plants tends to be low
D. even those who were not in the experiment improved their productivity
59. The author's main purpose is________________
A. to explain the Hawthorne effect
B. to prove the importance of research
C. to amuse with a surprising experiment
D. to suggest ideas for future research
【回答】
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知识点：科普环保类阅读
题型：阅读理解
