piers and aButments of railway bridge
Stone bridges consist of pillars, abutments and arches made up of stones held together by mortar.
Analysis of and counter-measures for vertical cracks commonly seen in piers and abutments;
Foundations are bases placed on the ground so as to spread a vertical load over it. Bases which carry horizontal load are usually called abutments.
We must use double abutments when the bone of premolar is re- duced. But molar can be selected as abutment even if its bone level was absorbed seriously.
In order to ensure the normal operation of traffic in construction the continuous box beam's construction adopts cross beam as supporting system and Bailey member bars as abutments.
Stress distribution of periodontal membrane loaded with the same vertical and horizontal forces was analyzed during different thickness of periodontal membranes around abutments.
The result indicated that the resilient telescopic denture made the stress on the supporting tissue of the abutments and denture bases under vertical forces lower and its distribution more even.
