1、There are many kinds of spring in spring suspension devices, but the most used spring in rolling-stock is cylindrical spiral spring.
2、Vertical random vibration analysis of offset loaded cars and the optimized design of the two-stage spring suspension parameters
3、In order to simulate the exact boundary condition, the simple model of air spring suspension was set up.
4、Sagging springs. Spring will sag from overloading or if they have become weak. Loss of the shim from the coil spring seat on the coil-spring suspension will cause the spring to seem shorter and to sag.
