问题详情：
Chimpswill cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in warparties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinctto help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline toshare food with their children,who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food fora neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, toshare information and to participate inachieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experimentswith very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelatedadult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls sharedintentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be partof a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
19. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?
ps like to take in their neighbors’ food.
B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
C. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.
D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.
20. Michael Tomasello’s tests on youngchildren indicate that they_________.
A. know the world better than chimps
B. know how to offer help to adults
C. have the instinct to help others
D. trust adults with their hands full
21. The passage is mainly about _________.
A. cooperation as a distinctive human nature
B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality
C. the helping behaviors of young children
D. the development of intelligence in children
【回答】
CCA
知识点：阅读理解
题型：阅读理解
