Some councils issued smaller bins, to penalise those who produced lots of rubbish.
And if investors fear they could lose money tomorrow, they may penalise badly run Banks today.
And price rises can be managed so that they do not penalise the poorest.
You don't see so much of it in Finland because they penalise you heavily for it.
That has not stopped many from proposing taxes that would penalise exports from countries that benefit from low carbon prices.
High payroll taxes in many Latin American countries penalise workers in the formal economy, and rigid and over-generous Labour laws discourage the creation of formal jobs.
In some cases, this opposition is meant tointimidate or penalise the player who may in this way agree to waive his rightstoward his former club.
In the laboratory games, the poorest players surrendered some of their own money tokens simply to penalise their richer counterparts, without any hope of personal gain.
Economists prefer carbon prices, especially those set by taxes rather than cap-and-trade systems, which are more vulnerable to capture by the polluters they are supposed to penalise.
