The middle trapezius and rhomboids draw the shoulder blades toward the spine, opening the front of the chest.
Objective: to provide anatomic basis for lower trapezius flap transferred to reconstruct flexional functions of elbow and phalanges.
One-stage reconstruction of maxillofacial defects by the use of the extended trapezius myocutaneous flaps in 7 patients were reported.
Muscles spanning the upper back, the middle trapezius and rhomboids, pull the shoulder blades towards the spine to open the front of the chest.
Conclusions: spine scapula flap transposition with trapezius muscle branch and spine scapula branch is an ideal surgical method in occipito cervical fusion.
At varying conditioning-test stimulus intervals, segmental conditioning stimulus was applied in the tibialis anterior muscle ipsilateral and contralateral to the test stimulus, and heterosegmental conditioning stimulus was applied in the contralateral trapezius muscle to modulate the NWR.
